Cultural Perceptions of HIV, Stigma and Discrimination in Plateau State, Nigeria 2012-2013

Abstract

The study investigated the cultural perceptions of HIV, stigma and discrimination, which have been recognised as hampering HIV prevention and utilisation of health care services for people infected with the virus. The study was conducted among community members in Plateau State aged 15 years and above, purposively selected from areas of high, medium and low HIV prevalence rates. Focus group discussions and semi structured interviews were used for data collection while qualitative and quantitative data analyses based on content analysis and descriptive statistics were used in analysing the data. It was found that terminologies used in describing HIV had negative and stigmatising connotations that discouraged disclosure and lead to greater risky behaviour. Some community members were reported to have avoided HIV counselling and test (HCT) due to fear and stigma. Perceived increase in prevalence rates were variously blamed on People Living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA); who were said to resort to risky sex when stigmatised as vendetta; but some were reported to be looking healthy due to anti-retroviral therapies (ARTs) which makes it possible for infected persons to engage in risky sex with them. While all PLWHA reportedly suffered discrimination, young girls and people with lower socio-economic status and the elderly were experienced greater stigma and discrimination. A greater decentralisation of HCT services to the local levels with budgetary provisions are recommended as the way forward. A synergy that target stigma reduction involving the Network of PLWHA, community leaders, people affected by AIDS with the LACAs was recommended to ensure a community driven stigma reduction strategy.